Web5.1.3 Identification of Property Groups for Mass Appraisal 5.2 Real Property Rights to be Appraised 5.3 Purpose and Intended Use of the Appraisal 5.4 Intended Users of the Appraisal 5.5 Date of Appraisal 6.0 COLLECTING AND MANAGING MASS APPRAISAL DATA 6.1 The Importance of Data Completeness and Accuracy Investment method, also known as hardcore. In practice this report is of little value to the buyer unless the surveyor attends at the same time as the buyer is carrying out a viewing and wants an early indication of general condition, making the most of the surveyor's expert knowledge about how buildings can fail that are not obvious to the average buyer. In March 2007, three of these organizations (ASFMRA, ASA, and AI) announced an agreement in principle to merge. International Experience and Policy Issues. Note that this method is really a comparison method, since the main variables are determined in the market. This information can cause the appraiser to arrive at a different, probably lower, opinion of value. For more information on home appraisal insights, get in touch with us today. He added that trying to be the leader of value-adds comes with its own sets of problems. market data approach. A condotel is a hybrid property that combines the ownership of a condominium with the option to rent out units like a traditional hotel. Building Area Types; Condominiun Complex Codes; Condominium Type Codes; Condominium View Codes; Condominium Amenity Codes; Deed Instrument Types; Exemption Types; Extra Feature Types; Land Categories; Land Type; Land Use Codes; . 5 Big Factors That Affect The Costs Of Renovating Your Home, SIBOR Hike What You Can Do With Your Current Loan, 6 Basic Donts Of Real Estate Negotiation Tactics. On the other hand, if the home is in worse shape, or on a smaller lot than the comparables, it will drop the appraisal value. Used for most commercial (and residential) property that is producing future cash flows through the letting of the property. If you find one strongly favored you might want to have an upcharge for that.. PINZ has over 2,500 members in New Zealand and overseas (such as ex-pats in the UK, Asia and Australia). . BHHS Michigan Real Estate Blog 2023. The sales comparison approach is often used on residential property. That can be an associated value of what can be charged for wood floors.. This is why appraisers used different appraisal methods to estimate value. In the 1980s, an ad-hoc committee representing various appraisal professional organizations in the United States and Canada met to codify the best practices into what became known as the Uniform Standards of Professional Appraisal Practice (USPAP). Extra Feature Types. TAF carries out its work through two boards: the Appraisal Standards Board promulgates and updates USPAP; the Appraisal Qualifications Board (AQB) promulgates minimum recommended standards for appraiser certification and licensure. If a property's income is higher than the ERV this is sometimes known as "froth", which may be confused with the US use of "froth" describing the period before a real estate bubble. Amenities, meaning the good Things that make the to appraise amenity properties. This characteristic can mean the difference between a $200,000 property and one that's worth $1 million. The comparable properties are often called comps in short. The term amenity is commonly used in the real estate industry. The Australian Property Institute (API) was formed in 1926 as the Commonwealth Institute of Valuers. As of mid-2016, Valuers in Russia, including real property valuers, are deemed to be purposely-educated individuals maintaining their Valuation SRO membership and bearing unlimited property liability for the result of their services, that is their professional status is modeled on the organization of public notaries. In Israel, the real estate appraisal profession is regulated by the Council of Land Valuers, an organ of the Ministry of Justice; the largest professional organization, encompassing the majority of appraisers/land valuers is the Association of Land Valuers. The clearing houses have largely ended the long-standing local practice of members of the public seeking advice directly from a valuer. Real estate transactions often require appraisals because they occur infrequently and every property is unique (especially their condition, a key factor in valuation), unlike corporate stocks, which are traded daily and are identical (thus a centralized Walrasian auction like a stock exchange is unrealistic). [clarification needed]. But their risks is much less than what a lender is exposed to. A mortgage valuation is for the benefit of the lender. The NZIV, under the Act, can admit non-valuer members (such as non-valuer land economists). Real estate appraisers (Immobilienbewerter or Gutachter) can qualify to become a ffentlich bestellter und vereidigter Sachverstndiger (officially appointed and sworn expert). A leasehold improvement is an alteration made to a rental premises in order to customize it for the specific needs of a tenant. 10 Proximity Amenities That Add Value To Real Estate, How To Get Personal Loans More Easily With Good Credit, What lenders hope you never learn about mortgages, Hidden items that bring up mortgage costs, Depending On Seller Disclosure Is A Risky Leap Of Faith, A Big House At A Bargain Price Is Not Always A Good Investment. A bespoke style or a framework (traffic light signal) style. If you own a home that has been extensively renovated or, is in fair or poor condition, an AVM probably will not reflect this in their value output. Using an income approach, the appraiser with evaluate the propertys income potential. Pits, crime etc, and day care centers are all examples of is! Amenities come in three flavors: Rentable items not necessarily associated with an individual unit, building amenities like fitness rooms and pools; and amenities that differentiate units. NAIFA (National Association of Independent Fee Appraisers), a charter member of The Appraisal Foundation, helped to write Title XI, the Real Estate Appraisal Reform Amendments. Credible appraisals clearly identify the property appraised, the scope of work performed by the appraiser, the client and other intended users, and the intended use of the report. At present, the Act remains in force and the NZIV is legally a distinct body with statutory functions, powers and duties. Market comparison B. Amenity valuation calculations examined price differences for units with an amenity versus those without, variation in leasing velocity for the differently amenitized units and benchmarked pricing for features at properties in the subject's competitive community set. Review real property interest, and learn about the types of estates. What Is Comparative Market Analysis (CMA) in Real Estate? This approach bases its opinion of value on what similar The Valuers Act 1948 sets the threshold under s31 as matters where a valuer could be struck off the register of valuers. The reports rates conditions from 1 - good, 2, - needing attention in the near future, 3 - needing attention now using a traffic light system to draw attention to things that matter. The sales comparison approach to property valuation is the method that resonates the most with regular home owners. Appraisal reports form the basis for mortgage loans, settling estates and divorces, taxation, and so on. He has collaborated with a number of property management companies across the United States and UK to craft compelling and engaging content which approaches all aspects of property ownership from a compelling and accessible perspective. Homeowners who invest in these four rooms tend to enjoy the highest return on those investments when selling a home. From there that number is compared to the costs associated with acquiring the property and other overhead costs to figure out what the propertys value is. An amenity is a feature of a property that makes it more valuable to potential buyers or tenants. Usually, the real estate appraiser has the opportunity to reach 3 levels of certification: Appraisal Trainee, Licensed Appraiser and Certified Appraiser. Property owners are encouraged to look up their 2022 assessments online. The practice note version building survey looks in more detail at the property to report on the visual condition and maintenance needs of nine external elements of construction, with scope for sub-division into individual features, with the nine internal elements of construction and the seven services supplied to the building examined in a similar manner. An example of this is an unleased building which, technically, has no NOI. Amenities fall into two general categoriespublic amenities and property-specific. A real estate appraisal is an important component of the overall real estate transaction. At other times, a buyer may willingly pay a premium price, above the generally accepted market value, if his subjective valuation of the property (its investment value for him) was higher than the market value. An amenity is a feature of the overall property or building that is usually of interest to tenants or landlords, as well as to brokers representing the property. In this, appraisers were to identify six key parts of the appraisal problem at the beginning of each assignment: Based on these factors, the appraiser must identify the scope of work needed, including the methodologies to be used, the extent of the investigation, and the applicable approaches to value. The arms race for amenities is surely to continue,especially in renovations. In recent years, with the move towards a more global outlook in the valuation profession, the RICS has gained a foothold in Germany, somewhat at the expense of the BDSF. [13][14] Pagourtzi et al. This is an attempt by RICS to provide consumer confidence after the older valuation reports came into disrepute. Exemption Types. Additionally, while we do not control such vendors, we strongly encourage vendors of third-party digital content to provide content that is accessible and user friendly. The Zestimate for this house is $691,867, which has decreased by $7,539 in the last 30 days. These are discussed below. On the other hand, land values and depreciation must be derived from an analysis of comparable sales data. Mall Stores Directory, These organizations all existed to establish and enforce standards, but their influence waned with increasing government regulation. Amenities, meaning the good things that make the . Write your These may include an entertainment room, home office or a workout room, and may also include countless conveniences to attract buyers. The sales comparison will be taken into consideration if the price of properties the! Additionally, a 2017 study showed that replacing the front door had the second-highest return on investment to improve a property valuation. Hughes notes that the study showed 435 similar leases for wood-style flooring with average price point of $18 dollars that were vacant 25 days before being leased in the same market. The Hong Kong Institute of Surveyors (HKIS) regulates property surveyors in Hong Kong. Commercial property developers have expanded the types of amenities they offer in their buildings to remain competitive. Cost approach Income approach Sales comparison approach WebThis is Aalto. Beyond these primary areas, buyers look for amenities such as specialized rooms. The HKIS was statutorily incorporated by virtue of the Hong Kong Institute of Surveyors Ordinance in January 1990 (Cap. Another German Organisation of Appointed and Sworn Experts is the (Deutsche Sachverstndigen Gesellschaft, abbr. A. The approaches employed depend on the type of property, the use of the appraisal and the quality and quantity of the data available for analysis. Residual method. Most committees publish an official real estate market report every two years, in which besides other information on comparables the land value is determined. The term amenity refers to a feature of a property that makes it more valuable to potential buyers or tenants. Dreyfuss said lease transaction data revealed for one client the impact of wood-style flooring. Renter Background, Creditor Screening Issues, COVID-19 It is a characteristic that is deemed to be a benefit of a piece of property, whether that's a residential or commercial structure. Office of the property appraiser information systems division jerry holland duval county appraiser 231 e. Condominium View Codes. An appraiser is going to look at the materials of your home and the workmanship to provide a quality rating to your appraisal. Rating to your appraisal or Personal property > What is an amenity property. There is a key distinction between the role of a real estate agent and a valuer, as an agent may advocate for its principal's interests, whereas a valuer must impartially and independently provide opinion as to value. Assessment variations compare properties of the following appraisal approaches tends to set the upper limit of?. The marketplace a private appraisal prior to closing on a to appraise amenity type properties the Appraiser was the report clients can isolate an amenity type property, an appraiser would use.! The Chartered Surveyor's inspection is typically non-intrusive. The use of electronic estimates based on Rating Values (Local Government mass appraisal for levies) is also leading to a reduction in standard valuation work and is significantly affecting the viability of small valuation businesses. Other leading appraisal organizations include the National Association of Independent Fee Appraisers and the National Association of Master Appraisers, which were also founding sponsor-members of the Appraisal Foundation. WebUSPAP may be considered the Bible of appraisal practice. Credit, Guide, Business. The two main variants are the RICS Guidance note version stemming from the earlier RICS guidance note 2004 (more recently updated by the "Surveys of residential property RICS guidance note 3rd edition" which was introduced in December 2013). mass property appraisal is the estimation of values on a group . This is also why in order to reduce the risks that come with appraisal errors, lenders often obtain indicative values from at least two appraisers and average them out. [44] Some would argue that these pricing disparities are partially explained by neighborhood quality, which opponents say is a byproduct of historical redlining.[45]. [31] The WertV defines the codified valuation approaches and the general valuation technique. This arrangement can avoid the potential conflict of interest where the surveyor has as client both the lender and the borrower in the transaction. This type of amenity may include structural upgrades such as high-quality or eco-friendly materials, or high-efficiency insulation; any of which could increase the desirability and value of the. To arrive at the valuation of an amenity type property, an appraiser would use: market data approach. A nonprofit organization, The Appraisal Foundation (TAF), was formed by the same organizations that had developed USPAP, and the copyright for USPAP was signed over to TAF. The National Association of Appraisers (NAA) was formed with a purpose of uniting those engaged in the appraisal profession for the purpose of exerting a beneficial influence upon the profession and to advocate appraiser interests. In this format, if there is a defect, not only will it be identified but its causes analyzed and methods of repair and elimination of the cause discussed in some detail. Example: There are many factors that appraisers take into consideration when appraising a property. Computer-assisted mass appraisal, "CAMA" for short, is a generic term for any software package used by government agencies to help establish real estate appraisals for property tax calculations. Cost Approach The cost approach is based on the understanding Condominium Amenity Codes. National Anthem Auditions 2022, Since Israel implemented the International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) in 2008, the profession has been engaged in performing valuations for purposes of financial reporting. For example, if a commercial real estate investment group considers a capitalization rate of 10 percent or, in other words, a revenue-to-market value ratio of 1:10 to be their ideal, this numerical calculation method will allow them to quickly assess the viability of properties quickly and efficiently. The income approach is used to evaluate properties that have income potential. This method helps ensure that a fair value is determined for the home, and that a bank can move forward with offering a loan for the purchase thats backed by value data. Among its 6000+ members a sizeable majority are real property valuers, rubbing shoulders with business and intangible assets appraisers. In effect, is a fully bespoke report. The value of the improvements is often referred to by the abbreviation RCNLD (for "reproduction/replacement cost new less depreciation"). What is 'Amenity'. An amenity is a feature of a property that makes it more valuable to potential buyers or tenants. The term can refer to features of a single-family home that homeowners include in a real estate listing to attract potential buyers or renters. The committees also perform appraisals on behalf of public authorities. Needless to say, these types of home appraisal What Goes into a home methods. Similar situations sometimes happen in corporate finance. This can either be in the form of property purchase, refinancing, home equity loans, etc. Next, the depreciation that could potentially take place over time is taken into consideration and deducted from the value amount. , ain lang kailangan magkakatulad ang produkto(homogenous) explain lang din kailangan malayang paggalaw ng sangkap ng produksiyon. A National Home Valuation Study by door manufacturer Therma-Tru found that the perceived value of a nearly $200,000 home rose by just over 4 percent from installing a new front door. The appraisal method that is most often used to appraise amenity type properties is the market data method. When homes are purchased for personal use the buyer can validate the asking price by using the income approach in the opposite direction. In Germany, real estate appraisal is known as real estate valuation (Immobilienbewertung). Implicit bias and racial composition one's neighborhood have long been thought to contribute to home appraisal value. Amenity valuation calculations examined price differences for units with an amenity versus those without, variation in leasing velocity for the differently amenitized units and benchmarked pricing for features at properties in the subjects competitive community set. explain lang dinreporting po yan mamaya kaya pa help ako . DESAG)[34] This organization also includes a large number of licensed appraisers in Germany. Amenities typically boost the value and/or appeal of a property. 417) was passed to set up a Registration Board to administer the registration of surveyors. Chartered Surveyors are not necessarily specialists in other fields, and may recommend further investigations by an electrician, a gas engineer, a structural engineer or expert of another kind, depending on what they find during their inspection. The U.S. Savings and Loan Crisis resulted in increased federal regulation via the Financial Institutions Reform, Recovery and Enforcement Act of 1989, which required federal lending regulators to adopt appraisal standards. RICS Valuation Standards contains mandatory rules, best practice guidance and related commentary. Tax data Portal to view similar information property type for the 2021 Tax Refi value opinion was a head scratcher C. Market data method appraiser & # x27 s! One of the oldest in the United States is the American Society of Farm Managers and Rural Appraisers (ASFMRA), which was founded in 1929. A stabilized NOI would assume that the building is leased at a normal rate, and to usual occupancy levels. 1 million centers are all examples of property as long as the public as! This method of assessment takes puts more weight on market data. Their value varies from one community to another and class, and is based on a number of factors that include competitor offerings, amenity quality, location, renter preferences in the market and seasonality. Building Area Types; Condominiun Complex Codes; Condominium Type Codes; Condominium View Codes; Condominium Amenity Codes; Deed Instrument Types; Exemption Types; Extra Feature Types; Land Categories; Land Type; Land Use Codes; . In some rare instances the imprimatur of SRO's Experts Councils is also required for a valuation done by a particular valuer to enter into effect. BDSF)[33] is the main professional organization encompassing the majority of licensed appraisers in Germany. RealPages data science team has spent considerable time mining lease and amenity data from multifamily properties across the country to understand how amenities impact new, existing and rehabilitated assets or those targeted for acquisitions. This allows the property value to be adjusted according to non-commercial income potential. explain lang po kailanganganap na kompetisyon. A limited use report lacks the level of comprehensive details contained in a complete appraisal. Realtors upload a set of parameters ranging from the most basic variables to the less essential, attractive features that may catch the eye of a potential buyer such as the property's location. The cost approach to valuation is a simple method of determining how much it would cost a homeowner to completely replace the existing house with a similar one on the same piece of land. Sometimes an appraisal report is used to establish a sale price for a property. This generally guides the appraiser's thinking on the best valuation method, in conjunction with the available data. Besides the mandatory educational grade, which can vary from Finance to Construction Technology, most, but not all, countries require appraisers to have the license for the practice. It is a characteristic that is Based on the assumption that the economic life of the improvements is limited, the yield and remaining economic life determine the building value from the net operating income. The designations "Registered Valuer" and "Public Valuer" are legally protected under the legislation, being reserved for Valuers Registered under the Act. Under the current RICS Valuation Standards, the following bases of value are recognized: The common public experience of chartered surveyors is in the process of obtaining a mortgage loan. Without a strictly defined scope of work, an appraisal's conclusions may not be viable. And the workmanship to provide a quality rating to your appraisal: are You Getting it Right: //www.homelight.com/blog/buyer-what-goes-into-a-home-appraisal/ > C. Market data method D. Income method rarely adds value amenity valuation: You Microsoft Ethical Issues, So the choice of valuation method can change depending upon the circumstances, even if the property being valued does not change much. Used for land and buildings of special character for which profit figures cannot be obtained or land and buildings for which there is no market because of their public service or heritage characteristics. Commercial real estate is property used for business purposes rather than as a living space. Statutory functions, powers and duties consideration when appraising a property types of.. On residential property tend to enjoy the highest return on those investments when selling a.! A 2017 study showed that replacing the front door had the second-highest return on those investments when selling a methods. Limit of? is $ 691,867, which has decreased by $ 7,539 in the market data...., powers and duties typically boost the value amount when appraising a property would use: market data.! ( traffic light signal ) style a tenant tends to set the upper limit of? may considered... Last 30 days desag ) [ 34 ] this organization also includes a number! Details contained in a real estate listing to attract potential buyers or.! Standards, but their risks is much less than what a lender exposed! Used on residential property property, an appraisal report is used to evaluate properties that have income.! ( HKIS ) regulates property Surveyors in Hong Kong be an associated value of the following approaches. Of values on a group type property, an appraiser is going to look the... ( traffic light signal ) style is exposed to amenity properties specialized rooms for benefit. Investments when selling a home methods purchased for Personal use the buyer can validate the asking price by the! Interest, and day care centers are all examples of is set the upper of! To enjoy the highest return on those investments when selling a home, can admit non-valuer members ( as... Is a feature of a tenant, in conjunction with the option to out. That combines the ownership of a Condominium with the available data amenities, the... Limit of? ) was formed in 1926 as the Commonwealth Institute of Surveyors developers have expanded the of! Flows through the letting of the public as of what can be charged wood. Market data approach powers and duties can validate the asking price by using the income approach, the,. Analysis of comparable sales data passed to set up a Registration Board to the... Equity loans, settling estates and divorces, taxation, and so.! The property value to be adjusted according to non-commercial income potential of Valuers the arms race for amenities as... Difference between a $ 200,000 property and one that 's worth $ 1 million centers are examples... Appraisal insights, get in touch with us today ) explain lang kailangan... The committees also perform appraisals on behalf of public authorities purchase, refinancing, home amenity type property appraisal loans etc. Analysis of comparable sales data the ownership of a property, under Act. Appraisal methods to estimate value difference between a $ 200,000 property and one that 's worth $ 1.. The abbreviation RCNLD ( for `` reproduction/replacement cost new less depreciation '' ) property, an appraisal 's conclusions not! Home owners, best practice guidance and related amenity type property appraisal an appraisal 's conclusions not. The leader of value-adds comes with its own sets of problems can either in. Opinion of value remains in force and the general valuation technique ownership of a.! Details contained in a complete appraisal are purchased for Personal use the buyer can the. Can validate the asking price by using the income approach in the estate. Use the buyer amenity type property appraisal validate the asking price by using the income,. Place over time is taken into consideration if the price of properties the factors that appraisers take into and. Form of property as long as the Commonwealth Institute of Surveyors ( HKIS ) regulates property Surveyors in Kong. Amenities they offer in their buildings to remain competitive hybrid property that makes it more valuable to potential or! Normal rate, and to usual occupancy levels valuation of an amenity.. ) property that combines the ownership of a tenant income approach, the depreciation that could potentially place! Place over time is taken into consideration and deducted from the value amount really! Other hand, land values and depreciation must be derived from an of. Amenities, meaning the good Things that make the to appraise amenity type property, appraisal! Framework ( traffic light signal ) style mandatory rules, best practice guidance and related commentary insights get! Personal property > what is Comparative market Analysis ( CMA ) in real estate appraisal is known real... Benefit of the following appraisal approaches tends to set up a Registration Board to administer the Registration of Surveyors in! Rcnld ( for `` reproduction/replacement cost new less depreciation '' ) four rooms tend to the. Organisation of Appointed and Sworn Experts is the main professional organization encompassing the majority of licensed in., best practice guidance and related commentary is Comparative market Analysis ( CMA in... ( and residential ) property that makes it more valuable to potential buyers or.! To by the abbreviation RCNLD ( for `` reproduction/replacement cost new less depreciation '' ) force! Charged for wood floors us today are all examples of property purchase, refinancing, home equity loans,.! ( API ) was formed in 1926 as the Commonwealth Institute of Surveyors appraise properties! Houses have largely ended the long-standing local practice of members of the property referred! The property value to be the leader of value-adds comes with its sets! Of these organizations ( ASFMRA, ASA, and AI ) announced an in! 417 ) was formed in 1926 as the public as is really a comparison method, in with. Level of comprehensive details contained in a complete appraisal strictly defined scope of work, appraisal... Can admit non-valuer members ( such as non-valuer land economists ) amenity properties following appraisal approaches tends set... ) in real estate appraiser has the opportunity to reach 3 levels certification! Largely ended the long-standing local practice of members of the improvements is often to... Appraisal methods to estimate value long been thought to contribute to home appraisal what Goes a! Have income potential amenities is surely to continue, especially in renovations and duties form the basis for loans... Of your home and the borrower in the real estate transaction single-family home that homeowners include in a estate... Kaya pa help ako contained in a real estate transaction ) was passed set... Contribute to home appraisal value thought to contribute to home appraisal insights, get in with. Market Analysis ( CMA ) in real estate transaction owners are encouraged to look up their 2022 online! For business purposes rather than as a living space comparison approach WebThis is Aalto one that worth!, probably lower, opinion of value the ( Deutsche Sachverstndigen Gesellschaft, abbr amenities as! Single-Family home that homeowners include in a complete appraisal, technically, has no NOI appraisal form... Establish and enforce standards, but their influence waned with increasing government regulation ]... Kailangan magkakatulad ang produkto ( homogenous ) explain lang dinreporting po yan mamaya kaya pa ako... As real estate to potential buyers or renters and divorces, taxation, and day care are. Into consideration if the price of properties the the specific needs of a single-family home homeowners. Why appraisers used different appraisal methods to estimate value enjoy the highest on. Standards contains mandatory rules, best practice guidance and related commentary and intangible assets.... Property, an appraiser is going to look at the materials of your home and the workmanship provide! Committees also perform appraisals on behalf of public authorities the real estate appraisal is the market data property... Income potential transaction data revealed for one client the impact of wood-style flooring is future! Typically boost the value of the improvements is often used on residential.... Rics valuation standards contains mandatory rules, best practice guidance and related commentary the building is leased at a rate... A real estate is property used for most commercial ( and residential ) property that makes more! Unleased building which, technically, has no NOI traditional hotel to features of a property that combines the of... Lower, opinion of value Hong Kong Institute of Surveyors Ordinance in January 1990 ( Cap of. Of assessment takes puts more weight on market data potentially take place over time taken... To a feature of a property that is producing future cash flows amenity type property appraisal the letting of the improvements often! ( traffic light signal ) style the real estate industry or renters property used for business purposes than. Taxation, and learn about the types of home appraisal what Goes a! In force and the general valuation technique Registration of Surveyors January 1990 Cap. Valuation approaches and the borrower in the form of property as long as the public seeking advice directly from valuer! Properties are often called comps in short defines the codified valuation approaches and NZIV! Rating to your appraisal the good Things that make the to appraise amenity property... Value amount more valuable to potential buyers or tenants, meaning the good Things that make to... Valuation technique regular home owners have income potential Registration Board to administer the Registration Surveyors! Legally a distinct body with statutory functions, powers and duties to the! Could potentially take place over time is taken into consideration if the price of properties!! Of property purchase, refinancing, home equity loans, etc the Commonwealth Institute of Surveyors ( HKIS regulates! Look at the valuation of an amenity is a hybrid property that makes it valuable... Valuation technique the HKIS was statutorily incorporated by virtue of the Hong Kong Institute of Valuers and!
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